What is a common characteristic of bronchospasm?

Bronchospasm is predominantly characterized by the narrowing of the lower airways. This narrowing occurs due to the contraction of the smooth muscles surrounding the bronchi and bronchioles, leading to reduced airflow to and from the lungs. Patients experiencing bronchospasm often present with symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing, all of which are linked to this constricted state.

While widening of the lower airways is not associated with bronchospasm, conditions like emphysema may lead to airway dilation. The collapse of alveoli is known as atelectasis, and while it can occur in respiratory conditions, it is not a feature of bronchospasm itself. Similarly, inflation of the pleural cavity, a condition referred to as pneumothorax, does not occur as a result of bronchospasm. These other phenomena highlight the specific nature of bronchospasm, which revolves around the constriction and narrowing of bronchial passages, leading to obstructed airflow.