What should be done first if vomiting occurs in an obtunded patient?

In the scenario of an obtunded patient experiencing vomiting, the primary concern is to ensure the patient's airway remains clear and patent. When a patient is obtunded, they may have diminished levels of consciousness and reduced ability to protect their airway, increasing the risk of aspiration.

Clearing the airway of vomitus is crucial because aspirating vomit can lead to serious complications, such as aspiration pneumonia, which is a significant risk when a patient is unable to respond appropriately to protect their airway. Prioritizing the airway in such situations adheres to the principle of ensuring that the patient is safe and that their breathing is not compromised.

While checking vital signs, calling for assistance, and administering antiemetics are also important aspects of managing a vomiting patient, these actions come after securing the airway. The immediate action to clear the airway creates an opportunity to then perform further assessments or interventions without the added risk of airway obstruction or aspiration.