Which patient population is at increased risk for pulmonary aspiration?

Pediatric patients are at increased risk for pulmonary aspiration due to several factors related to their anatomy, physiology, and developmental status. Infants and young children have a higher likelihood of regurgitating stomach contents because their gastric sphincters are less developed, which can lead to aspiration during sedation or anesthesia. Additionally, they may not have the ability to adequately protect their airway, especially when they are in a sedated state.

Furthermore, children are often more prone to specific medical conditions, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), that can further increase this risk. The combination of anatomical features, potential for reflux, and inability to effectively manage airway secretions makes the pediatric population particularly vulnerable to aspiration events. This understanding is crucial for ensuring safety protocols are strictly followed when providing sedation to these patients.